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Comprehensive Overview of Global Coal Types and Specifications

Comprehensive Overview of Global Coal Types and Specifications

 

With Focus on Thermal and Coking Coal from Russia, Nigeria, Iran, Australia, and Indonesia

 

Coal remains one of the world’s most strategic energy and industrial raw materials. It is primarily classified into two main types based on application and properties:

 

1. Thermal coal (steam coal) – used for power generation and industrial heating.

 

2. Coking coal (metallurgical coal) – used in the steelmaking process.

 

Each coal-producing country offers unique characteristics in terms of calorific value, ash content, sulfur levels, moisture, and volatile matter. These variations impact pricing, applications, and market preferences.

 

🔶 Thermal Coal (Steam Coal)

Thermal coal is mainly used in power plants, cement factories, and boilers. The key desirable parameters include high Gross Calorific Value (GCV), low ash, and controlled sulfur content.

✅ Russian Thermal Coal

Russia, especially the Kuzbass and Yakutia regions, produces high-GCV thermal coal with competitive sulfur levels.

GCV (ARB): 5500–6800 kcal/kg

Ash: 10–14%

Sulfur: 0.3–0.8%

Moisture (Total): 8–12%

Volatile Matter (VM): 25–32%

Fixed Carbon: 45–55%

Size: 0–50 mm or as requested

Application: Power plants in Turkey, Europe, and Asia

 

✅ Indonesian Thermal Coal

Indonesia (Kalimantan, Sumatra) is one of the largest exporters of low-ash, low-sulfur coal with flexible shipping options.

GCV (GAR): 3800–6300 kcal/kg

Ash: 4–10%

Sulfur: 0.2–0.6%

Moisture (ARB): 12–18%

Volatile Matter: 30–35%

Application: Ideal for countries needing lower emissions (India, China, Philippines)

✅ Australian Thermal Coal

High-quality thermal coal from Queensland and New South Wales is globally in demand due to its consistency.

GCV (ADB): 5800–7000 kcal/kg

Ash: 8–14%

Sulfur: 0.4–0.7%

Moisture: 6–10%

Volatile Matter: 25–30%

Application: Widely used in Japan, Korea, and Southeast Asia

✅ Iranian Thermal Coal

Iran produces medium- to high-energy coal mainly from Tabas, Kerman, and Damghan.

GCV: 5000–6500 kcal/kg

Ash: 9–13%

Sulfur: 0.8–1.2%

Moisture: 6–10%

Application: Domestic cement plants, limited regional exports (Pakistan, Iraq)

✅ Nigerian Thermal Coal

Nigeria’s thermal coal (from Enugu and Kogi mines) is emerging in African and Middle Eastern markets.

GCV: 5200–6200 kcal/kg

Ash: 8–15%

Sulfur: 0.6–1.2%

Moisture: 5–9%

VM: 28–32%

Application: Cement plants, power projects in Africa, Middle East

🔷 Coking Coal (Metallurgical Coal)

Coking coal is used to produce coke, a vital material in steel production. Key properties include low moisture, low ash, high fixed carbon, and high coke strength.

✅ Russian Coking Coal

Russia offers hard and semi-soft coking coal with high CSN and low sulfur.

CSR/CSN: 5–9

GCV (ARB): 6800–7800 kcal/kg

Ash: 9–11%

Sulfur: 0.4–0.7%

Moisture: 6–9%

FC: 60–70%

Application: Blast furnaces in Turkey, Eastern Europe

✅ Australian Coking Coal

Australia is the global leader in exporting hard coking coal (from Queensland).

CSR: 55–65

Ash: 8.5–10.5%

Sulfur: Max 0.5%

Moisture (ARB): 7–9%

VM: 18–26%

GCV (ADB): up to 7500 kcal/kg

Application: Global steel producers (Japan, Korea, India, EU)

✅ Indonesian Semi-Soft Coking Coal

Indonesia supplies semi-soft coking coal with lower coke strength, suitable for blending.

GCV: 6000–6800 kcal/kg

Ash: 8–12%

Sulfur: 0.4–0.9%

Moisture: 10–14%

CSR: Low to Medium

Application: Blending in coke plants

✅ Iranian Coking Coal

Limited but useful reserves of metallurgical coal (mainly semi-coke) are found in Tabas.

GCV: 6000–6600 kcal/kg

Ash: 10–14%

Sulfur: 0.7–1.3%

VM: 22–26%

Application: Local steel and smelting units

✅ Nigerian Coking Coal

Nigeria’s deposits, still under development, show promise for steel-grade coal.

Estimated GCV: 6200–6800 kcal/kg

Ash: 8–13%

Sulfur: Less than 1%

FC: Moderate

Application: Potential for future steel projects in West Africa

✅ Conclusion

Whether sourcing for a power project, a cement kiln, or a steelmaking furnace, understanding coal specifications from different countries is essential.

We offer expert support in sourcing, logistics, and analysis of a wide range of thermal and coking coal from Russia, Indonesia, Australia, Iran, and

Nigeria – with guaranteed quality, competitive pricing, and timely logistics.

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Metallurgical Coke (Coking Coal Derived) – Comprehensive Overview

Metallurgical Coke (Coking Coal Derived) – Comprehensive Overview

From Russia, Australia, Indonesia, Iran, and Nigeria

Metallurgical coke, commonly known as coke, is a high-carbon product derived from coking coal after being heated in the absence of oxygen.

It is a key material in steelmaking and metallurgical industries, where it acts as both a fuel and a reducing agent in blast furnaces.

Coke is primarily categorized by:

Coke Strength (CSR/CRI) – Determines resistance to breakage in blast furnaces

Ash Content (Ash) – Lower ash means higher efficiency

Sulfur Content (S) – Lower sulfur produces higher-quality steel

Fixed Carbon (FC) – Main indicator of energy and metallurgical performance

🔶 Russian Metallurgical Coke

Russia is a major producer of metallurgical coke, mainly sourced from Kuzbass and Yakutia coal.

It is well-known for balanced quality, making it popular in Eastern Europe, Turkey, and South Asia.

Fixed Carbon: 82–86%

Ash: 10–12%

Sulfur: 0.5–0.8%

Moisture: 4–6%

CSR (Coke Strength after Reaction): 55–65

CRI (Coke Reactivity Index): 25–30

Size: 25-80 mm (blast furnace grade) / nut coke 10-25 mm

Application: Blast furnaces, foundries, ferroalloy industries

🔶 Australian Metallurgical Coke

Australia produces high-quality hard coking coal, which is processed into premium blast furnace coke.

This coke is globally in demand due to high strength, low ash, and low sulfur.

Fixed Carbon: 85–88%

Ash: 8–10%

Sulfur: 0.4–0.6%

Moisture: 3–5%

CSR: 60–70

CRI: 22–28

Size: 25-80 mm (BF) and 10-25 mm (Nut Coke)

Application: High-grade steel production, export to Japan, Korea, India

🔶 Indonesian Metallurgical Coke

Indonesia mainly produces semi-soft coking coal, which can be converted to semi-coke.

While it has lower coke strength, it is cost-effective for blending.

Fixed Carbon: 78–82%

Ash: 12–14%

Sulfur: 0.6–1%

Moisture: 5–7%

CSR: 35–45

CRI: 32–38

Size: 10-50 mm (mostly semi-coke)

Application: Blending in steel and ferroalloy plant

🔶 Iranian Metallurgical Coke

Iran (mainly Tabas and Kerman) produces foundry coke and semi-coke suitable for domestic steel industries.

It is not as strong as Australian or Russian coke but sufficient for regional industries.

Fixed Carbon: 78–84%

Ash: 12–15%

Sulfur: 0.8–1.2%

Moisture: 4–6%

CSR: 30–45

CRI: 32–38

Size: 10-50 mm / 25-80 mm

Application: Iranian steel plants, cement kilns, and regional foundri

🔶 Nigerian Metallurgical Coke

Nigeria is developing its coking coal industry, producing small-scale coke mainly for local steel projects.

It is expected to gain more relevance in West African industries.

Fixed Carbon: 75–82%

Ash: 12–16%

Sulfur: 0.7–1%

Moisture: 4–6%

CSR: 30–40

CRI: 35–40

Size: 10-50 mm (semi-coke mostly)

Application: Small steel mills, potential blending coke

📊 Comparison Table – Metallurgical Coke

High-grade steel production

✅ Key Takeaways

Australian & Russian coke are ideal for high-quality steelmaking

Indonesian & Iranian coke are mainly semi-coke for blending or regional use

Nigerian coke is still emerging but has future potential in West Africa

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Coal in the World: Black Resource, Energy Gold

زغال‌سنگ در جهان: منبع سیاه، طلای انرژی

مقدمه

زغال‌سنگ یکی از قدیمی‌ترین و مهم‌ترین منابع انرژی در جهان است. این سوخت فسیلی، حاصل میلیون‌ها سال فشار و گرما بر بقایای گیاهان و درختان است. زغال‌سنگ نه تنها در تولید برق، بلکه در صنایع فولاد، سیمان و حتی برخی صنایع شیمیایی نقش حیاتی دارد. با وجود توسعه انرژی‌های تجدیدپذیر، زغال‌سنگ همچنان در بسیاری از کشورها حرف اول را در تأمین انرژی می‌زند.

انواع زغال‌سنگ

زغال‌سنگ به چهار دسته اصلی تقسیم می‌شود:

آنتراسیت (Anthracite): دارای بالاترین درصد کربن و انرژی، بسیار سخت و سیاه.

بیتومینوس (Bituminous): رایج‌ترین نوع در صنعت نیروگاه‌ها و فولادسازی.

ساب‌بیتومینوس (Sub-bituminous): رطوبت بالا و انرژی پایین‌تر از بیتومینوس.

لیگنیت (Lignite): نرم‌ترین و کم‌انرژی‌ترین نوع، معمولاً در نیروگاه‌های نزدیک معادن استفاده می‌شود.

تولیدکنندگان و صادرکنندگان بزرگ

روسیه، اندونزی، استرالیا، چین، هند، آفریقای جنوبی، کلمبیا، آمریکا و قزاقستان از جمله کشورهایی هستند که بیشترین تولید و صادرات زغال‌سنگ را در جهان دارند. زغال‌سنگ روسیه با کیفیت بالا و قیمت مناسب، سهم زیادی از بازار آسیا، اروپا و خاورمیانه را به خود اختصاص داده است. زغال‌سنگ اندونزی به خاطر گوگرد پایین، مورد توجه چین، هند و ویتنام است. استرالیا هم صادرکننده اصلی زغال کک‌شو برای صنایع فولاد ژاپن، کره و هند است.

India is the second-largest coal importer in the world. Its fast-growing power and steel industries heavily rely on imported thermal and metallurgical coal. India primarily imports from Indonesia, Australia, and Russia due to proximity and price competitiveness.

中文：

中国是世界上最大的煤炭消费国。为了满足庞大的工业用电和钢铁需求，中国从俄罗斯、蒙古、印度尼西亚进口大量动力煤和焦煤。俄罗斯煤炭在中国越来越受欢迎，因为运输便利、热值高、价格稳定。

Türkiye, enerji üretimi ve çimento sektöründe kömür ithalatına büyük ölçüde bağımlıdır. Endonezya, Rusya ve Güney Afrika’dan kömür tedarik edilmektedir. Rus kömürü, düşük kül ve yüksek kalorifik değeri sayesinde özellikle tercih edilmektedir.

Deutschland importiert Steinkohle für Energie und industrielle Prozesse, insbesondere für die Stahlproduktion. Der Rückgang der heimischen Produktion hat die Abhängigkeit von Importen erhöht, wobei Russland und Kolumbien zu den wichtigsten Lieferanten zählen.

한국은 전력 생산과 산업용 에너지 수요를 충족하기 위해 석탄을 수입합니다. 러시아와 호주에서 수입되는 석탄은 품질이 뛰어나고 안정적인 공급이 가능하여 매우 중요합니다.

日本は高品質の石炭を主にオーストラリア、ロシア、インドネシアから輸入しています。製鉄所や火力発電所での使用が主であり、安定供給が重視されています。

Polska, mimo własnych zasobów, importuje węgiel z Rosji i Kolumbii ze względu na lepszą jakość i niższe koszty. Sektor energetyczny i ciepłownictwo nadal zależą od węgla.

L’Italia importa carbone principalmente per la produzione di energia elettrica. La Russia è stata una fonte chiave grazie alla qualità elevata del carbone termico e ai prezzi competitivi.

台灣的燃煤發電依賴進口煤炭，主要來源為印尼、澳洲和俄羅斯。台灣重視煤炭的低硫、高熱值特性，特別適合島內的電廠需求。

ประเทศไทยนำเข้าถ่านหินเพื่อผลิตกระแสไฟฟ้าและใช้ในอุตสาหกรรม โดยมีแหล่งนำเข้าหลักจากอินโดนีเซีย รัสเซีย และออสเตรเลีย ซึ่งมีคุณภาพดีและราคาสมเหตุสมผล

Việt Nam nhập khẩu than chủ yếu từ Nga và Indonesia để phục vụ cho các nhà máy điện và công nghiệp luyện kim. Than Nga được đánh giá cao nhờ nhiệt lượng cao và độ tro thấp.

O Brasil importa carvão metalúrgico para sua indústria siderúrgica, principalmente da Rússia, Austrália e Colômbia. A demanda é crescente devido à expansão da produção de aço.

تستورد مصر الفحم لتلبية احتياجات مصانع الأسمنت ومحطات الكهرباء. تعتبر روسيا وإندونيسيا من أهم الموردين بسبب جودة الفحم والسعر المناسب.

Direct Supply of Australian Coal – Global Quality with Reliable Delivery

Direct Supply of Australian Coal – Global Quality with Reliable Delivery

 

We are a direct supplier of premium-grade coal from Australia’s most reputable mining regions. As one of the world’s largest producers and exporters of both thermal and metallurgical (coking) coal, Australia plays a vital role in supplying energy and industrial raw materials to global markets.

Australian coal is widely recognized for its high calorific value, low ash and sulfur content, and consistent quality, making it a preferred choice for power plants, cement factories, and steel manufacturers worldwide.

🔍 Available Coal Types and Specifications:

Types:

▪️ Thermal Coal – for power generation and cement industries

▪️ Coking Coal – for the steel and metallurgical industries

Typical Specifications (customizable):

▪️ GCV: 5500 – 7000 kcal/kg

▪️ Ash: < 12%

▪️ Sulfur: < 1%

▪️ Moisture: 6 – 12%

▪️ Volatile Matter: 25 – 35%

Loading Terms: FOB – CIF – CNF

Main Ports of Loading: Newcastle, Hay Point, Gladstone

Delivery Regions: Middle East, India, China, Africa, Southeast Asia, Europe

📦 Our Services Include:

✔️ Verified samples and lab analysis before contract

✔️ Short-term and long-term supply contracts

✔️ Competitive pricing and flexible payment terms

✔️ Full quality control and pre-shipment inspection

✔️ Timely shipments with insured logistics

Why Australian Coal?

✅ Globally trusted source with long-term availability

✅ Politically stable export origin

✅ Superior infrastructure and efficient port operations

✅ Reliable shipping schedules and freight networks

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